ASTM B777 Tungsten Base High-Density Metal
- Non-magnetic Grade: NM90 Class 1, NM92.5 Class 2, NM95 Class 3
- Magnetic Grade: M90 Class 1, M92.5 Class 2, M95 Class 3, M97 Class 4
Features
ASTM B777 Tungsten Base, High-Density Metal
Composition, Density, and Hardness Properties of ASTM B777 Tungsten Base High-Density Metal
| Class | Nominal Tungsten Weight % | Density (g/cc) | Hardness (Rockwell “C” max) |
| 1 | 90 | 16.85–17.25 | 32 |
| 2 | 92.5 | 17.15–17.85 | 33 |
| 3 | 95 | 17.75–18.35 | 34 |
| 4 | 97 | 18.25–18.85 | 35 |
Note: For mechanically worked or aged material, the hardness can be as high as Rc 46.
Mechanical Properties (Minimum Values) of ASTM B777 Tungsten Base High-Density Metal
| Class | Ultimate Tensile Strength (ksi/MPa) | Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset (ksi/MPa) | Elongation (%) |
| 1 | 110 (758) | 75 (517) | 5 |
| 2 | 110 (758) | 75 (517) | 5 |
| 3 | 105 (724) | 75 (517) | 3 |
| 4 | 100 (689) | 75 (517) | 2 |
Note: Nonmagnetic composition for Classes 1, 2, and 3 shall have a minimum ultimate tensile strength of 94 ksi (648 MPa). Minimum elongation shall be 2% for Classes 1 and 2, and 1% for Class 3.
Machinability Requirements of ASTM B777 Tungsten Base High-Density Metal
| Class | Number of Holes |
| 1 | 8 |
| 2 | 6 |
| 3 | 4 |
| 4 | 2 |
This specification provides the requirements for tungsten-based high-density metals intended for uses such as weights or counterbalances in balancing, radiation shielding, and vibration-damping applications. For special applications, additional properties or requirements may be important and should be specified as part of the purchase order.
Tungsten Heavy Alloy Standard of ASTM B777 Tungsten Base High-Density Metal
| ASTM B777 | Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 | Class 4 | |
| Tungsten Nominal % | 90 | 92.5 | 95 | 97 | |
| Density (g/cc) | 16.85-17.25 | 17.15-17.85 | 17.75-18.35 | 18.25-18.85 | |
| Hardeness (HRC) | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | |
| Utimate Tensile Strength | ksi | 110 | 110 | 105 | 100 |
| Mpa | 758 | 758 | 724 | 689 | |
| Yield Strength at 0.2% off-set | ksi | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 |
| Mpa | 517 | 517 | 517 | 517 | |
| Elongation (%) | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | |
| AMS-T-21014 | Class 1 | Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 2 | Class 3 | Class 3 | Class 4 |
| Composition | 90W7Ni3Fe | 91W6Ni3Fe | 92W5Ni3Fe | 93W4Ni3Fe | 95W3Ni2Fe | 96W3Ni1Fe | 97W2Ni1Fe |
| Density (g/cm3) | 17.1±0.15 | 17.25±0.15 | 17.50±0.15 | 17.60±0.15 | 18.10±0.15 | 18.30±0.15 | 18.50±0.15 |
| Heat Treatment | Sintering | Sintering | Sintering | Sintering | Sintering | Sintering | Sintering |
| Tensile Strength (Mpa) | 900-1000 | 900-1000 | 900-1000 | 900-1000 | 920-1100 | 920-1100 | 920-1100 |
| Elongation (%) | 18-29 | 17-27 | 16-26 | 16-24 | 10-22 | 8-20 | 6-13 |
| Hardness (HRC) | 24-28 | 25-29 | 25-29 | 26-30 | 27-32 | 28-34 | 28-36 |
| Mil-T-21014 | Class1 | Class1 | Class 2 | Class 3 | Class 3 | Class 4 |
| Composition | 90%W, 6%Ni, 4%Cu | 90%W, 7%Ni, 3%Fe | 92.5%W, 5.25%Ni, 2.25%Fe | 95%W, 3.5%Ni, 1.5% Cu | 95%W, 3.5%Ni, 1.5%Fe | 97%W, 2.1%Ni, 0.9%Fe |
| Density (gm/cc; lbs/in3) | 17;0.614 | 17;0.614 | 17.5;0.632 | 18;0.65 | 18;0.65 | 18.5;0.668 |
| Hardness (RC) | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 28 |
| Ultimate Tensile Strength (PSI) | 110,000 | 120,000 | 114,000 | 110,000 | 120,000 | 123,000 |
| Yield Strength, 0.2% Offset (PSI) | 80,000 | 88,000 | 84,000 | 85,000 | 90,000 | 85,000 |
| Elongation (% In 1“) | 6 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 5 |
| Proportional Elastic Limit (PSI) | 45,000 | 52,000 | 46,000 | 45,000 | 44,000 | 45,000 |
| Magnetic Properties | Nil | Slightly Magnetic | Slightly Magnetic | Nil | Slightly Magnetic | Slightly Magnetic |
| ASTM B459-67 | Grade 1 Type Ⅱ & Ⅲ | Grade 1 Type Ⅱ & Ⅲ | Grade 2 Type Ⅱ & Ⅲ | Grade 3 Type Ⅱ & Ⅲ | Grade3 Type Ⅱ & Ⅲ | Grade4 Type Ⅱ & Ⅲ |
Technical Specifications
| Specification | Value |
| Standard | ASTM B777 Tungsten Base High-density Metals |
| Grade | Non-magnetic Grade: NM90 Class 1, NM92.5 Class 2, NM95 Class 3 Magnetic Grade: M90 Class 1, M92.5 Class 2, M95 Class 3, M97 Class 4 |
| Type | Plate, Block, Forging Stock |
| Finish | Clean, smooth surface finish |
| Dimension | Width: 25 – 610mm x Thickness: 5-100mm x Length: 200-3000mm |
| Manufacturing Process | Plate and Sheet: hot-rolled, hot-rolled, stress-relieved |
| Foil: cold-rolled, cold-rolled, stress-relieved | |
| Inspection Certificate | EN 10204 Type 3.1 (Mill Test Certificate), EN 10204 Type 3.2 (Witness Testing or 3rd Party Inspection) |
| Tests | Chemical analysis, tensile test, hardness test, and other non-destructive test (Hydrostatic, Pneumatic, and Ultrasonic tests) |
Key Properties
Tungsten Melting Point: Tungsten has the highest melting point of 3,422°C (6,191.6°F) of all metals.
Tungsten Density: Ranging from 17.0 to 18.5 g/cm³, significantly higher than steel or lead.
High Strength: Tensile strength typically ranges from 700 to 1400 MPa, depending on the alloy and processing.
Good Ductility: WHAs generally exhibit good ductility, allowing for shaping and forming.
High Modulus of Elasticity: Providing stiffness and resistance to deformation.
Excellent Hardness: WHAs possess high hardness, contributing to their wear resistance.
Good Machinability: WHAs can be machined using appropriate techniques despite their hardness.
Packing
Packed in plywood boxes.
Application
Radiotherapy: WHAs are used in collimators and shielding components for radiotherapy equipment, precisely targeting radiation to tumors while protecting healthy tissue.
Diagnostic Imaging: High-density tungsten alloys are employed in CT scanners and other imaging equipment for effective radiation shielding.
Industrial Radiography: WHAs are used in industrial radiography equipment to inspect welds and other structures, providing efficient radiation containment.
Nuclear Industry: Tungsten-based metals offer shielding solutions in nuclear power plants and research facilities, protecting personnel and the environment from radiation exposure.
Aerospace: WHAs are used as counterweights in aircraft control surfaces, balancing rotating components and ensuring stability.
Automotive Industry: Tungsten-based weights are employed in crankshaft balancing and tire balancing, reducing vibrations and improving performance.
Sporting Goods: High-density tungsten is used in golf club heads and tennis rackets for precise weight distribution and improved control.
Ordnance and Defense: Due to their high density and strength, WHAs are utilized in kinetic energy penetrators and other armor-piercing ammunition.
Drilling Industry: Due to their weight and wear resistance, tungsten-heavy alloys are used in drill collars and other downhole tools for directional drilling.
Electrical Contacts: W-Ni-Fe alloys are used in electrical contacts and switches due to their high melting point and resistance to arc erosion.
